An artist's depiction of the pachycephalosaurs (Credit: Masato Hattori)

The pachycephalosaurs are among the most mysterious dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period. Aside from their famous dome-shaped skulls, very little is known about these two-legged plant-eaters. That is because most fossils found so far consisted only of skull fragments. That changed on September 17, 2025, when scientists revealed the discovery of the most complete — and oldest — specimen of this dome-headed dinosaur.